The Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources: A Review on Grid Inertia and Frequency Regulation

Abstract

The power system is gradually transitioning into low inertia due to integrating substantial intermittency quantity of converter-based renewable energy sources, such as wind and photovoltaic power, into the current power grid network. This integration presents significant inertia and frequency control challenges to the network as a result of a decrease in the percentage of synchronous generators. Moreover, faster frequency deviations are posed by the mismatch between the supply and demand during contingencies, which creates difficulties in preserving the frequency stability of the power system. This research explores the impacts of renewable energy sources (RESs) on grid inertia and frequency management as key parts of preserving the power system's stability. Furthermore, the research article proposes mitigation ways to optimize both conventional synchronous generators and synthetic inertia for consistent and dependable functioning of the grid network while accommodating a growing share of renewable energy. The mitigation measures examined in this review research paper are synthetic inertia, fast frequency response, and battery storage systems