Impacts of Lake Victoria Level Fluctuations to Livelihoods Missungwi District Case Study

Abstract

Lake Victoria experienced drastic levels changes in 2005 causing great inconveniences to lakeside communities. This
study investigated effects of these changes on livelihoods through questionnaire surveys, focused group discussions,
interviews and analysis of fish catches, diseases, crops, and lake levels data. Results indicate recession of levels had
various socio-economic impacts. The changes caused severe water shortage due to drying up of shallow wells and a
remarkable increase in prevalence of schistosomiasis because of increased utilization of lake water. There was no
evidence for impact of level changes on malaria and diarrhea. Decline of water levels caused decline in fish catches due
to retreat of water from breeding sites. However receding waters created a new land for cultivation which helped to
boost Maize and sweet potatoes production. The results emphasize on ensuring stability of lake levels to avoid negative
impacts on livelihoods and to maintain ecological integrity of the lake.