A Fuzzy Based Framework for Sustainable Technology Selection in Small-Scale Gold Mining Operations

Abstract

Small-scale gold mining (SSGM) operations in Tanzania has been operating inefficiently due to inadequate mining processing technologies, poor working tools, lack of enough capital, and insufficient electricity. Despite the efforts made by different stakeholders in boosting the sustainability of SSGM yet the sector has not reached the expected goal. This paper proposes a framework for appropriate technology selection to help small scale gold miners in evaluating various gold mineral processing technologies. The framework utilizes the fuzzy logic set theory for technology evaluation and selection. The developed framework for technology selection upon validation provided results that technology adequacy of more than 60% and the economic value of above 80% has low environment effect of about 16%. Similarly, obsolete technology of 45 years has a disposal effect of 5% on the environment. The study concluded that semi mechanised crushing and grinding, gold concentration shaking table, square-set timber and stull stopping mining technologies for the shaft underground mining and cyanide chemical leaching are sustainable technologies in SSGM operation in Tanzania. The study recommended the adoption of technology selection framework developed and practised prior mining project commencement for sustainable SSGM in Tanzania.